uptick wrote: do we have to personally acquire and build up our collections of sounds from samples, etc? This is my primary concern. ^_^
I think you've already got good answers, but anyway we can discuss a bit more on this topic.
There are at least 4 major ways to create "chiptunes":
1/ Use native software on original machines (for ex SidWizard on C64, Maxymizer on Atari ST) or on emulators.
2/ Use cross platform software on modern computers (for ex. famitracker, DefleMask, vortex tracker), targeting original hardware: you can export to file format compatible which you can replay on real C64, real Sinclair Spectrum, Amstrad, Megadrive / Genesis etc
3/ Use VST emulating the sound of original chips or for creating new sound designs (like LMMS, Sunvox, picoloop on linux). It can sound rather genuine, but some VST for example won't have limits like original chip would had (you can have 10 voices for sounding like a C64, while the original had only 3 voices). But even if you stay in the limits of the original, you won't be able to replay your music on original hardware. It's like creating a game which has a look and feel of a gameboy, but with something like SDL, rpg maker or gamemaker, it will look and behave similar but you won't be able to run the game on an old gameboy.
4/ Use sample based sounds, generally with trackers (originally on Amiga, now everywhere, for example MilkyTracker, Modplug Tracker). The "problem" with samples is when you transpose them (for example from C2 to C6), it can sometimes sound different than it would have been with an original instrument (flute, piano) or with an original sound chip. You can also create instrument with a different samples assigned to a group of notes (most trackers can do that), or even every note (like for soundfonts or on digital piano. Sunvox and LMMS can do that as well)
Some people will prefer to use only original hardware and won't even touch an emulator, while others can use crossplatforms but stay within the chip limitations (that's mostly my case). And an other group will prefer to have no limit for their creativity and can use whatever sound available (I can do that with lmms and sunvox as well). So it's up to you.
It's not always possible to start a song in a tracker and continue onto an other (or convert a song from one chip into an other) but some trackers can import/export midi or mod/xm so there is often a way.
If I can make a little advice, try to start with DefleMask, what is cool with it is it's easy to get started with it, and also you can switch from one system to an other (start with a C64 music, 3 SID channels, then redo the song with the Megadrive chips, 6 FM channels and 3 PSG square channels). On the other hand you can't import / export to other trackers, but you can export to real hardware.
I've made a comparison of some trackers and tools I'm using (from a linux user point of view):
http://garvalf.online.fr/index.php?page
s_trackers